761 lines
14 KiB
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761 lines
14 KiB
HTML
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>
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CIA -- The World Factbook 2000 -- Labor force
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</TITLE></HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"><P><CENTER>
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<a href="../indexfld.html" name="top">[Field Listing]</a>
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<a href="../index.html">[<I>The World Factbook</I> Home]</a>
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</P></CENTER><P><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width=100%><TR>
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<td align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" width=100%><b><font size="+2">
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Labor force</font></b><br>(Country profile category: Economy)</td></TR></TABLE>
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<p><b>Afghanistan:</b>
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<br>
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8 million (1997 est.)
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<p><b>Albania:</b>
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<br>
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1.692 million (including 352,000 emigrant workers and 261,000 domestically unemployed) (1994 est.)
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<p><b>Algeria:</b>
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<br>
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9.1 million (2000 est.)
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<p><b>American Samoa:</b>
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<br>
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13,949 (1996)
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<p><b>Andorra:</b>
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<br>
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30,787 salaried employees (1998)
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<p><b>Angola:</b>
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<br>
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5 million (1997 est.)
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<p><b>Anguilla:</b>
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<br>
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4,400 (1992)
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<p><b>Antigua and Barbuda:</b>
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<br>
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30,000
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<p><b>Argentina:</b>
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<br>
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15 million (1999)
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<p><b>Armenia:</b>
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<br>
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1.5 million (1999)
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<p><b>Aruba:</b>
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<br>
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41,501 (1997 est.)
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<p><b>Australia:</b>
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<br>
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8.9 million (December 1999)
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<p><b>Austria:</b>
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<br>
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3.7 million (1999)
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<p><b>Azerbaijan:</b>
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<br>
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2.9 million (1997)
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<p><b>Bahamas, The:</b>
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<br>
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148,000 (1996)
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<p><b>Bahrain:</b>
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<br>
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295,000 (1998 est.)
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<br><i>note:</i>
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44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)
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<p><b>Bangladesh:</b>
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<br>
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56 million (1995-96)
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<br><i>note:</i>
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extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, Malaysia, and Singapore
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<p><b>Barbados:</b>
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<br>
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136,000 (1998 est.)
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<p><b>Belarus:</b>
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<br>
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4.3 million (1998)
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<p><b>Belgium:</b>
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<br>
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4.341 million (1999)
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<p><b>Belize:</b>
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<br>
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71,000
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<br><i>note:</i>
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shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (1997 est.)
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<p><b>Benin:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Bermuda:</b>
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<br>
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35,296 (1997)
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<p><b>Bhutan:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<br><i>note:</i>
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massive lack of skilled labor
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<p><b>Bolivia:</b>
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<br>
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2.5 million
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<p><b>Bosnia and Herzegovina:</b>
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<br>
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1.026 million
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<p><b>Botswana:</b>
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<br>
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235,000 formal sector employees (1995)
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<p><b>Brazil:</b>
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<br>
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74 million (1997 est.)
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<p><b>British Virgin Islands:</b>
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<br>
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4,911 (1980)
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<p><b>Brunei:</b>
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<br>
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144,000 (1995 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel
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<br><i>note:</i>
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temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991)
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<p><b>Bulgaria:</b>
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<br>
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3.82 million (1998 est.)
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<p><b>Burkina Faso:</b>
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<br>
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4.679 million (persons 10 years old and over, according to a sample survey taken in 1991)
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<br><i>note:</i>
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a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment
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<p><b>Burma:</b>
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<br>
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19.7 million (FY98/99 est.)
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<p><b>Burundi:</b>
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<br>
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1.9 million
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<p><b>Cambodia:</b>
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<br>
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6 million (1998 est.)
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<p><b>Cameroon:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Canada:</b>
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<br>
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15.9 million (1999)
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<p><b>Cape Verde:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Cayman Islands:</b>
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<br>
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19,820 (1995)
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<p><b>Central African Republic:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Chad:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Chile:</b>
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<br>
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5.8 million (1999 est.)
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<p><b>China:</b>
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<br>
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700 million (1998 est.)
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<p><b>Christmas Island:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Cocos (Keeling) Islands:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Colombia:</b>
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<br>
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16.8 million (1997 est.)
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<p><b>Comoros:</b>
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<br>
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144,500 (1996 est.)
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<p><b>Congo, Democratic Republic of the:</b>
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<br>
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14.51 million (1993 est.)
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<p><b>Congo, Republic of the:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Cook Islands:</b>
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<br>
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6,601 (1993)
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<p><b>Costa Rica:</b>
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<br>
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1.377 million (1998)
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<p><b>Cote d'Ivoire:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Croatia:</b>
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<br>
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1.65 million (1999)
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<p><b>Cuba:</b>
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<br>
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4.5 million economically active population
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<br><i>note:</i>
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state sector 76%, non-state sector 24% (1996 est.)
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<p><b>Cyprus:</b>
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<br>
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Greek Cypriot area: 289,400; Turkish Cypriot area: 80,200 (1998)
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<p><b>Czech Republic:</b>
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<br>
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5.203 million (1999 est.)
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<p><b>Denmark:</b>
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<br>
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2.896 million
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<p><b>Djibouti:</b>
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<br>
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282,000
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<p><b>Dominica:</b>
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<br>
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25,000
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<p><b>Dominican Republic:</b>
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<br>
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2.3 million to 2.6 million
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<p><b>Ecuador:</b>
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<br>
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4.2 million
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<p><b>Egypt:</b>
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<br>
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19 million (1999 est.)
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<p><b>El Salvador:</b>
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<br>
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2.35 million (1999)
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<p><b>Equatorial Guinea:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Eritrea:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Estonia:</b>
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<br>
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785,500 (1999 est.)
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<p><b>Ethiopia:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):</b>
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<br>
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1,100 (est.)
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<p><b>Faroe Islands:</b>
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<br>
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20,500 (1996 est.)
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<p><b>Fiji:</b>
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<br>
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235,000
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<p><b>Finland:</b>
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<br>
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2.533 million
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<p><b>France:</b>
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<br>
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25.4 million (1994)
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<p><b>French Guiana:</b>
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<br>
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58,800 (1997)
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<p><b>French Polynesia:</b>
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<br>
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118,744 (of which 70,044 are employed) (1988)
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<p><b>Gabon:</b>
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<br>
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600,000
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<p><b>Gambia, The:</b>
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<br>
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400,000
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<p><b>Gaza Strip:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Georgia:</b>
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<br>
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3.08 million (1997)
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<p><b>Germany:</b>
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<br>
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40.5 million (1999 est.)
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<p><b>Ghana:</b>
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<br>
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4 million
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<p><b>Gibraltar:</b>
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<br>
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14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)
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<p><b>Greece:</b>
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<br>
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4.32 million (1999 est.)
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<p><b>Greenland:</b>
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<br>
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24,500 (1995 est.)
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<p><b>Grenada:</b>
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<br>
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42,300 (1996)
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<p><b>Guadeloupe:</b>
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<br>
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125,900 (1997)
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<p><b>Guam:</b>
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<br>
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65,660 (1995)
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<p><b>Guatemala:</b>
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<br>
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3.32 million (1997 est.)
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<p><b>Guernsey:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Guinea:</b>
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<br>
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2.4 million (1983)
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<p><b>Guinea-Bissau:</b>
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<br>
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480,000
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<p><b>Guyana:</b>
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<br>
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245,492 (1992)
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<p><b>Haiti:</b>
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<br>
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3.6 million (1995)
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<br><i>note:</i>
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shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1998)
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<p><b>Holy See (Vatican City):</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Honduras:</b>
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<br>
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2.3 million (1997 est.)
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<p><b>Hong Kong:</b>
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<br>
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3.36 million (1998 est.)
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<p><b>Hungary:</b>
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<br>
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4.2 million (1997)
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<p><b>Iceland:</b>
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<br>
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131,000 (1999)
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<p><b>India:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Indonesia:</b>
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<br>
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88 million (1998)
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<p><b>Iran:</b>
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<br>
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15.4 million
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<br><i>note:</i>
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shortage of skilled labor
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<p><b>Iraq:</b>
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<br>
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4.4 million (1989)
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<p><b>Ireland:</b>
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<br>
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1.77 million (1999 est.)
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<p><b>Israel:</b>
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<br>
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2.3 million (1997)
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<p><b>Italy:</b>
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<br>
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23.193 million
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<p><b>Jamaica:</b>
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<br>
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1.13 million (1998)
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<p><b>Japan:</b>
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<br>
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67.76 million (November 1999)
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<p><b>Jersey:</b>
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<br>
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57,050 (1996)
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<p><b>Jordan:</b>
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<br>
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1.15 million
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<br><i>note:</i>
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in addition, at least 300,000 workers are employed abroad (1997 est.)
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<p><b>Kazakhstan:</b>
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<br>
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8.8 million (1997)
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<p><b>Kenya:</b>
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<br>
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9.2 million (1998 est.)
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<p><b>Kiribati:</b>
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<br>
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7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.)
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<p><b>Korea, North:</b>
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<br>
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9.6 million
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<p><b>Korea, South:</b>
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<br>
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22 million (1998)
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<p><b>Kuwait:</b>
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<br>
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1.3 million (1998 est.)
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<br><i>note:</i>
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68% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)
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<p><b>Kyrgyzstan:</b>
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<br>
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1.7 million
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<p><b>Laos:</b>
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<br>
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1 million - 1.5 million
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<p><b>Latvia:</b>
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<br>
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1.4 million (1997)
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<p><b>Lebanon:</b>
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<br>
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1.3 million (1999 est.)
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<br><i>note:</i>
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in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (1997 est.)
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<p><b>Lesotho:</b>
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<br>
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689,000 economically active
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<p><b>Libya:</b>
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<br>
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1.2 million (1997 est.)
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<p><b>Liechtenstein:</b>
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<br>
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22,891 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day
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<p><b>Lithuania:</b>
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<br>
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1.8 million
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<p><b>Luxembourg:</b>
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<br>
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236,400 (one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and Germany) (1998 est.)
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<p><b>Macau:</b>
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<br>
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281,117 (1998)
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<p><b>Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:</b>
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<br>
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673,000 (1995 est.)
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<p><b>Madagascar:</b>
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<br>
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7 million (1995)
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<p><b>Malawi:</b>
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<br>
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3.5 million
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<p><b>Malaysia:</b>
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<br>
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9.3 million (1999 est.)
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<p><b>Maldives:</b>
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<br>
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67,000 (1995)
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<p><b>Mali:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Malta:</b>
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<br>
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143,700 (October 1997)
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<p><b>Man, Isle of:</b>
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<br>
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36,610 (1998)
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<p><b>Marshall Islands:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Martinique:</b>
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<br>
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170,000 (1997)
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<p><b>Mauritania:</b>
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<br>
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465,000 (1981 est.); 45,000 wage earners (1980)
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<p><b>Mauritius:</b>
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<br>
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514,000 (1995)
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<p><b>Mayotte:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Mexico:</b>
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<br>
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38.6 million (1999)
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<p><b>Micronesia, Federated States of:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Moldova:</b>
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<br>
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1.7 million (1998)
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<p><b>Monaco:</b>
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<br>
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30,540 (January 1994)
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<p><b>Mongolia:</b>
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<br>
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1.256 million (1998)
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<p><b>Montserrat:</b>
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<br>
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4,521 (1992); note - recently lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity
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<p><b>Morocco:</b>
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<br>
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11 million (1997 est.)
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<p><b>Mozambique:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Namibia:</b>
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<br>
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500,000
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<p><b>Nepal:</b>
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<br>
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10 million (1996 est.)
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<br><i>note:</i>
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severe lack of skilled labor
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<p><b>Netherlands:</b>
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<br>
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7 million (1998 est.)
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<p><b>Netherlands Antilles:</b>
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<br>
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89,000
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<p><b>New Caledonia:</b>
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<br>
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79,395 (including 15, 018 unemployed, 1996)
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<p><b>New Zealand:</b>
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<br>
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1.86 million (1998)
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<p><b>Nicaragua:</b>
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<br>
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1.7 million (1999)
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<p><b>Niger:</b>
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<br>
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70,000 receive regular wages or salaries
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<p><b>Nigeria:</b>
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<br>
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42.844 million
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<p><b>Niue:</b>
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<br>
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450 (1992 est.)
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<p><b>Norfolk Island:</b>
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<br>
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1,395 (1991 est.)
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<p><b>Northern Mariana Islands:</b>
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<br>
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6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (1995)
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<p><b>Norway:</b>
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<br>
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2.7 million (1999 est.)
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<p><b>Oman:</b>
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<br>
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850,000 (1997 est.)
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<p><b>Pakistan:</b>
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<br>
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38.6 million (1999)
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<br><i>note:</i>
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extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor
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<p><b>Palau:</b>
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<br>
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NA
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<p><b>Panama:</b>
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<br>
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1.044 million (1997 est.)
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<br><i>note:</i>
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shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor
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<p><b>Papua New Guinea:</b>
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<br>
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1.941 million
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<p><b>Paraguay:</b>
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<br>
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1.7 million (1996)
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<p><b>Peru:</b>
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<br>
|
|
7.6 million (1996 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Philippines:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
32 million (1999 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Pitcairn Islands:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
12 able-bodied men (1997)
|
|
<p><b>Poland:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
15.3 million (1998 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Portugal:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
4.75 million (1998 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Puerto Rico:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
1.3 million (1996)
|
|
<p><b>Qatar:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
233,000 (1993 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Reunion:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
261,000 (1995)
|
|
<p><b>Romania:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
9.6 million (1998 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Russia:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
66 million (1997)
|
|
<p><b>Rwanda:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
3.6 million
|
|
<p><b>Saint Helena:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
2,416 (1991 est.)
|
|
<br><i>note:</i>
|
|
a large proportion of the work force has left to seek employment overseas
|
|
<p><b>Saint Kitts and Nevis:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
18,172 (June 1995)
|
|
<p><b>Saint Lucia:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
43,800
|
|
<p><b>Saint Pierre and Miquelon:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
3,000 (1997)
|
|
<p><b>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
67,000 (1984 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Samoa:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
82,500 (1991 est.)
|
|
<p><b>San Marino:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
15,600 (1995)
|
|
<p><b>Sao Tome and Principe:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
NA
|
|
<p><b>Saudi Arabia:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
7 million
|
|
<br><i>note:</i>
|
|
35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Senegal:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
NA
|
|
<p><b>Serbia and Montenegro:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
1.6 million (1999 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Seychelles:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
26,000 (1996)
|
|
<p><b>Sierra Leone:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
1.369 million (1981 est.)
|
|
<br><i>note:</i>
|
|
only about 65,000 wage earners (1985)
|
|
<p><b>Singapore:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
1.932 million (1998)
|
|
<p><b>Slovakia:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
3.32 million (1997)
|
|
<p><b>Slovenia:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
857,400
|
|
<p><b>Solomon Islands:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
26,842
|
|
<p><b>Somalia:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers)(1993 est.)
|
|
<p><b>South Africa:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
15 million economically active (1997)
|
|
<p><b>Spain:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
16.2 million (1997 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Sri Lanka:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
6.6 million (1998)
|
|
<p><b>Sudan:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
11 million (1996 est.)
|
|
<br><i>note:</i>
|
|
labor shortages for almost all categories of skilled employment (1983 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Suriname:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
100,000
|
|
<p><b>Svalbard:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
NA
|
|
<p><b>Swaziland:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
NA
|
|
<p><b>Sweden:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
4.3 million (1996)
|
|
<p><b>Switzerland:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
3.8 million (956,000 foreign workers, mostly Italian) (1996 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Syria:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
4.7 million (1998 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Tajikistan:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
1.9 million (1996)
|
|
<p><b>Tanzania:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
13.495 million
|
|
<p><b>Thailand:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
32.6 million (1997 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Togo:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
1.538 million (1993 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Tokelau:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
NA
|
|
<p><b>Tonga:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
36,665 (1994)
|
|
<p><b>Trinidad and Tobago:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
558,700 (1998)
|
|
<p><b>Tunisia:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
3 million (1997 est.)
|
|
<br><i>note:</i>
|
|
shortage of skilled labor
|
|
<p><b>Turkey:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
23.8 million (April 1999)
|
|
<br><i>note:</i>
|
|
about 1.5 million Turks work abroad (1994)
|
|
<p><b>Turkmenistan:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
2.34 million (1996)
|
|
<p><b>Turks and Caicos Islands:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
4,848 (1990 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Tuvalu:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
NA
|
|
<p><b>Uganda:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
8.361 million (1993 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Ukraine:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
22.8 million (yearend 1997)
|
|
<p><b>United Arab Emirates:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
1.38 million (1998 est.)
|
|
<br><i>note:</i>
|
|
75% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)
|
|
<p><b>United Kingdom:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
29.2 million (1999)
|
|
<p><b>United States:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
139.4 million (includes unemployed) (1999)
|
|
<p><b>Uruguay:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
1.38 million (1997 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Uzbekistan:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
11.9 million (1998 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Vanuatu:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
NA
|
|
<p><b>Venezuela:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
9.9 million (1999)
|
|
<p><b>Vietnam:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
38.2 million (1998 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Virgin Islands:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
47,443 (1990 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Wallis and Futuna:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
NA
|
|
<p><b>West Bank:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
NA
|
|
<p><b>Western Sahara:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
12,000
|
|
<p><b>World:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
NA
|
|
<p><b>Yemen:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
NA
|
|
<p><b>Zambia:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
3.4 million
|
|
<p><b>Zimbabwe:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
5 million (1997 est.)
|
|
<p><b>Taiwan:</b>
|
|
<br>
|
|
9.7 million (1999 est.)
|
|
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