4442 lines
212 KiB
HTML
Executable File
4442 lines
212 KiB
HTML
Executable File
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<script src="../js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../styles/print.css">
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<script>
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$(document).ready(function(e) {
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$("table").width('700');
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$("table").css('font-size','12px');
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$("table").css('text-decoration','none');
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$('a[target="_blank"]').each(function(index, element) {
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$(this).replaceWith($(this).text());
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});
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$(".fl_region").removeAttr('href');
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});
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</script>
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<style>
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body { width: 800px; font-size: 12px;}
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a:link, a:active, a:hover
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{ text-decoration: none;
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font-color: black;
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}
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</style>
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<script>
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$(document).ready(function() {
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function GetURLParameter(sParam)
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{
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var sPageURL = window.location.search.substring(1);
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var sURLVariables = sPageURL.split('&');
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for (var i = 0; i < sURLVariables.length; i++)
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{
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var sParameterName = sURLVariables[i].split('=');
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if (sParameterName[0] == sParam)
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{
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return sParameterName[1];
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}
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}
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}
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var fieldkey = GetURLParameter('fieldkey');
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var alphaletter = GetURLParameter('alphaletter');
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var countryname = GetURLParameter('countryname');
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var countrycode = GetURLParameter('countrycode');
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$("#alpha").html(alphaletter);
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$("#" + fieldkey).addClass('selected');
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//$('html,body').animate({scrollTop:$('#' + fieldkey).offset.top + 20},1000);
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$("#" + fieldkey).offset({top: 20});
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});
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</script>
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<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
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<!--
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function MM_openBrWindow(theURL,winName,features) { //v2.0
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window.open(theURL,winName,features);
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}
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//-->
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</script>
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<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fieldlisting1" >
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<tr height="25">
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<td style="background-image: url(../graphics/gold_gradiant.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x;" class="region">Field Listing<strong> :: Broadcast media</strong></span></td>
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<td align="right" valign="middle" style="background-image: url(../graphics/gold_gradiant.gif); background-repeat: repeat-x;">
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<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
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<!--
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function MM_swapImgRestore() { //v3.0
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var i,x,a=document.MM_sr; for(i=0;a&&i<a.length&&(x=a[i])&&x.oSrc;i++) x.src=x.oSrc;
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}
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function MM_preloadImages() { //v3.0
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var d=document; if(d.images){ if(!d.MM_p) d.MM_p=new Array();
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var i,j=d.MM_p.length,a=MM_preloadImages.arguments; for(i=0; i<a.length; i++)
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if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=0){ d.MM_p[j]=new Image; d.MM_p[j++].src=a[i];}}
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}
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function MM_findObj(n, d) { //v4.01
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var p,i,x; if(!d) d=document; if((p=n.indexOf("?"))>0&&parent.frames.length) {
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d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document; n=n.substring(0,p);}
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if(!(x=d[n])&&d.all) x=d.all[n]; for (i=0;!x&&i<d.forms.length;i++) x=d.forms[i][n];
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for(i=0;!x&&d.layers&&i<d.layers.length;i++) x=MM_findObj(n,d.layers[i].document);
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if(!x && d.getElementById) x=d.getElementById(n); return x;
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}
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function MM_swapImage() { //v3.0
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var i,j=0,x,a=MM_swapImage.arguments; document.MM_sr=new Array; for(i=0;i<(a.length-2);i+=3)
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if ((x=MM_findObj(a[i]))!=null){document.MM_sr[j++]=x; if(!x.oSrc) x.oSrc=x.src; x.src=a[i+2];}
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}
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//-->
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</script>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table id="fieldlisting" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="2" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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<span class="category_data">This entry provides information on the approximate number of public and private TV and radio stations in a country, as well as basic information on the availability of satellite and cable TV services.</span></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td colspan="2">
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
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<tr bgcolor="#F8f8e7" valign="middle" height="25">
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<th scope="col"width="200" align="middle" style="padding-left: 5px;"><div class="smalltext"><strong>Country</strong></div></th>
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<th scope="col"align="middle" class="smalltext" style="padding-left: 5px;"> Broadcast media </th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="af" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="af"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/af.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Afghanistan</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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state-owned broadcaster, Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA), operates a series of radio and television stations in Kabul and the provinces; an estimated 150 private radio stations, 50 TV stations, and about a dozen international broadcasters are available (2007)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ax" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ax"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ax.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Akrotiri</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite TV service as well as BFBS radio broadcasts to the Akrotiri Sovereign Base (2009)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="al" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="al"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/al.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Albania</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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3 public TV networks, one of which transmits by satellite to Albanian-language communities in neighboring countries; more than 60 private TV stations; many viewers can pick up Italian and Greek TV broadcasts via terrestrial reception; cable TV service is available; 2 public radio networks and roughly 25 private radio stations; several international broadcasters are available (2010)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ag" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ag"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ag.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Algeria</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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state-run Radio-Television Algerienne operates the broadcast media and carries programming in Arabic, Berber dialects, and French; use of satellite dishes is widespread, providing easy access to European and Arab satellite stations; state-run radio operates several national networks and roughly 40 regional radio stations (2007)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="aq" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="aq"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/aq.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >American Samoa</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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3 TV stations; multi-channel pay TV services are available; about a dozen radio stations, some of which are repeater stations (2009)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="an" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="an"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/an.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Andorra</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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1 public TV station and 2 public radio stations; about 10 commercial radio stations; good reception of radio and TV broadcasts from stations in France and Spain; upgraded to terrestrial digital TV broadcasting in 2007; roughly 25 international TV channels available (2012)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ao" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ao"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ao.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Angola</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="av" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="av"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/av.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Anguilla</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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1 private TV station; multi-channel cable TV subscription services are available; about 10 radio stations, one of which is government-owned (2007)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ac" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ac"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ac.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Antigua and Barbuda</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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state-controlled Antigua and Barbuda Broadcasting Service (ABS) operates 1 TV station; multi-channel cable TV subscription services are available; ABS operates 1 radio station; roughly 15 radio stations, some broadcasting on multiple frequencies (2007)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ar" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ar"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ar.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Argentina</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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government owns a TV station and a radio network; more than 2 dozen TV stations and hundreds of privately owned radio stations; high rate of cable TV subscription usage (2007)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="am" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="am"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/am.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Armenia</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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2 public TV networks operating alongside more than 40 privately owned TV stations that provide local to near nationwide coverage; major Russian broadcast stations are widely available; subscription cable TV services are available in most regions; Public Radio of Armenia is a national, state-run broadcast network that operates alongside about 20 privately owned radio stations; several major international broadcasters are available (2008)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="aa" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="aa"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/aa.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Aruba</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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2 commercial TV stations; cable TV subscription service provides access to foreign channels; about 20 commercial radio stations broadcast (2007)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="as" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="as"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/as.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Australia</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) runs multiple national and local radio networks and TV stations, as well as Australia Network, a TV service that broadcasts throughout the Asia-Pacific region and is the main public broadcaster; Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), a second large public broadcaster, operates radio and TV networks broadcasting in multiple languages; several large national commercial TV networks, a large number of local commercial TV stations, and hundreds of commercial radio stations are accessible; cable and satellite systems are available (2008)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="au" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="au"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/au.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Austria</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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Austria's public broadcaster, Osterreichischer Rundfunk (ORF), was the main broadcast source until commercial radio and TV service was introduced in the 1990s; cable and satellite TV are available, including German TV stations (2008)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="aj" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="aj"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/aj.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Azerbaijan</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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3 state-run and 1 public TV channels; 4 domestic commercial TV stations and about 15 regional TV stations; cable TV services are available in Baku; 1 state-run and 1 public radio network operating; a small number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting; local FM relays of Baku commercial stations are available in many localities; local relays of several international broadcasters had been available until late 2008 when their broadcasts were banned from FM frequencies (2010)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="bf" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bf"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bf.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Bahamas, The</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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2 TV stations operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB); multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; about 15 radio stations operating with BCB operating a multi-channel radio broadcasting network alongside privately owned radio stations (2007)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ba" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ba"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ba.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Bahrain</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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state-run Bahrain Radio and Television Corporation (BRTC) operates 5 terrestrial TV networks and several radio stations; satellite TV systems provide access to international broadcasts; 1 private FM station directs broadcasts to Indian listeners; radio and TV broadcasts from countries in the region are available (2007)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="bg" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bg"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bg.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Bangladesh</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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state-owned Bangladesh Television (BTV) operates 1 terrestrial TV station, 3 radio networks, and about 10 local stations; 8 private satellite TV stations and 3 private radio stations also broadcasting; foreign satellite TV stations are gaining audience share in the large cities; several international radio broadcasters are available (2007)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="bb" >
|
|
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bb"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bb.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Barbados</a>
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|
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|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government-owned Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) operates the lone terrestrial TV station; CBC also operates a multi-channel cable TV subscription service; roughly a dozen radio stations, consisting of a CBC-operated network operating alongside privately owned radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="bo" >
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bo"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bo.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Belarus</a>
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|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
4 state-controlled national TV channels; Polish and Russian TV broadcasts are available in some areas; state-run Belarusian Radio operates 3 national networks and an external service; Russian and Polish radio broadcasts are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="be" >
|
|
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="be"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/be.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Belgium</a>
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|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
a segmented market with the three major communities (Flemish, French, and German-speaking) each having responsibility for their own broadcast media; multiple TV channels exist for each community; additionally, in excess of 90% of households are connected to cable and can access broadcasts of TV stations from neighboring countries; each community has a public radio network co-existing with private broadcasters (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="bh" >
|
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bh"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bh.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Belize</a>
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|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
8 privately owned TV stations; multi-channel cable TV provides access to foreign stations; about 25 radio stations broadcasting on roughly 50 different frequencies; state-run radio was privatized in 1998 (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="bn" >
|
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bn"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bn.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Benin</a>
|
|
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|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-run Office de Radiodiffusion et de Television du Benin (ORTB) operates a TV station with multiple channels giving it a wide broadcast reach; several privately owned TV stations broadcast from Cotonou; satellite TV subscription service is available; state-owned radio, under ORTB control, includes a national station supplemented by a number of regional stations; substantial number of privately owned radio broadcast stations; transmissions of a few international broadcasters are available on FM in Cotonou (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
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|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="bd" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bd"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bd.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Bermuda</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
3 TV stations; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; roughly 13 radio stations operating (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="bt" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bt"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
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|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bt.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Bhutan</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned TV station established in 1999; cable TV service offers dozens of Indian and other international channels; first radio station, privately launched in 1973, is now state-owned; 5 private radio stations are currently broadcasting (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="bl" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bl"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bl.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Bolivia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
large number of radio and TV stations broadcasting with private media outlets dominating; state-owned and private radio and TV stations generally operating freely, although both pro-government and anti-government groups have attacked media outlets in response to their reporting (2010)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="bk" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bk"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bk.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
3 public TV broadcasters: Radio and TV of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation TV (operating 2 networks), and Republika Srpska Radio-TV; a local commercial network of 5 TV stations; 3 private, near-national TV stations and dozens of small independent TV stations broadcasting; 3 large public radio broadcasters and many private radio stations (2010)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="bc" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bc"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bc.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Botswana</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately owned; privately owned satellite TV subscription service is available; 2 state-owned national radio stations; 3 privately owned radio stations broadcast locally (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="br" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="br"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/br.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Brazil</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-run Radiobras operates a radio and a TV network; more than 1,000 radio stations and more than 100 TV channels operating - mostly privately owned; private media ownership highly concentrated (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="io" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="io"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/io.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >British Indian Ocean Territory</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) broadcasts over 3 separate frequencies for US and UK military personnel stationed on the islands (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="vi" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="vi"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/vi.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >British Virgin Islands</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 private TV station; multi-channel TV is available from cable and satellite subscription services; about a half dozen private radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="bx" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bx"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bx.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Brunei</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-controlled Radio Television Brunei (RTB) operates 5 channels; 3 Malaysian TV stations are available; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite and cable systems; RTB operates 5 radio networks and broadcasts on multiple frequencies; British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides radio broadcasts on 2 FM stations; some radio broadcast stations from Malaysia are available via repeaters (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="bu" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bu"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bu.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Bulgaria</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
4 national terrestrial TV stations with 1 state-owned and 3 privately owned; a vast array of TV stations are available from cable and satellite TV providers; state-owned national radio broadcasts over 3 networks; large number of private radio stations broadcasting, especially in urban areas (2010)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="uv" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="uv"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/uv.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Burkina Faso</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately owned; state-owned radio runs a national and regional network; substantial number of privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters available in Ouagadougou (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="bm" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bm"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bm.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Burma</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government controls all domestic broadcast media; 2 state-controlled TV stations with 1 of the stations controlled by the armed forces; 2 pay-TV stations are joint state-private ventures; access to satellite TV is limited; 1 state-controlled domestic radio station and 9 FM stations that are joint state-private ventures; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in parts of Burma; the Voice of America (VOA), Radio Free Asia (RFA), BBC Burmese service, the Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB), and Radio Australia use shortwave to broadcast in Burma; VOA, RFA, and DVB produce daily TV news programs that are transmitted by satellite to audiences in Burma
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="by" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="by"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/by.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Burundi</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-controlled La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates the lone TV station and the only national radio network; about 10 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="cv" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cv"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cv.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Cabo Verde</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-run TV and radio broadcast network plus a growing number of private broadcasters; Portuguese public TV and radio services for Africa are available; transmissions of a few international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="cb" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cb"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cb.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Cambodia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
mixture of state-owned, joint public-private, and privately owned broadcast media; 9 TV broadcast stations with most operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station broadcasting from multiple locations, 6 stations either jointly operated or privately owned with some broadcasting from several locations, and 2 TV relay stations - one relaying a French TV station and the other relaying a Vietnamese TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite systems are available; roughly 50 radio broadcast stations - 1 state-owned broadcaster with multiple stations and a large mixture of public and private broadcasters; several international broadcasters are available (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="cm" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cm"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cm.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Cameroon</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government maintains tight control over broadcast media; state-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV), broadcasting on both a TV and radio network, was the only officially recognized and fully licensed broadcaster until August 2007 when the government finally issued licenses to 2 private TV broadcasters and 1 private radio broadcaster; about 70 privately owned, unlicensed radio stations operating but are subject to closure at any time; foreign news services required to partner with state-owned national station (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ca" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ca"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ca.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Canada</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 public TV broadcasting networks each with a large number of network affiliates; several private-commercial networks also with multiple network affiliates; overall, about 150 TV stations; multi-channel satellite and cable systems provide access to a wide range of stations including US stations; mix of public and commercial radio broadcasters with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the public radio broadcaster, operating 4 radio networks, Radio Canada International, and radio services to indigenous populations in the north; roughly 2,000 licensed radio stations in Canada (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="cj" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cj"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cj.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Cayman Islands</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
4 TV stations; cable and satellite subscription services offer a variety of international programming; government-owned Radio Cayman operates 2 networks broadcasting on 5 stations; 10 privately owned radio stations operate alongside Radio Cayman (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ct" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ct"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ct.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Central African Republic</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government-owned network, Radiodiffusion Television Centrafricaine, provides domestic TV broadcasting; licenses for 2 private TV stations are pending; state-owned radio network is supplemented by a small number of privately owned broadcast stations as well as a few community radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="cd" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cd"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cd.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Chad</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 state-owned TV station; state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
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</table>
|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ci" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ci"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ci.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Chile</a>
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|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
national and local terrestrial TV channels, coupled with extensive cable TV networks; the state-owned Television Nacional de Chile (TVN) network is self financed through commercial advertising revenues and is not under direct government control; large number of privately owned TV stations; about 250 radio stations (2007)
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</td>
|
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</tr>
|
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</table>
|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ch" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ch"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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|
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ch.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >China</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
all broadcast media are owned by, or affiliated with, the Communist Party of China or a government agency; no privately owned TV or radio stations; state-run Chinese Central TV, provincial, and municipal stations offer more than 2,000 channels; the Central Propaganda Department lists subjects that are off limits to domestic broadcast media with the government maintaining authority to approve all programming; foreign-made TV programs must be approved prior to broadcast
|
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</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="kt" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="kt"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/kt.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Christmas Island</a>
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|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 community radio station; satellite broadcasts of several Australian radio and TV stations (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
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|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ck" >
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ck"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ck.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 local radio station staffed by community volunteers; satellite broadcasts of several Australian radio and TV stations available (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="co" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="co"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
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|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/co.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Colombia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media provide service; more than 500 radio stations and many national, regional, and local TV stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="cn" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cn"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cn.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Comoros</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
national state-owned TV station and a TV station run by Anjouan regional government; national state-owned radio; regional governments on the islands of Grande Comore and Anjouan each operate a radio station; a few independent and small community radio stations operate on the islands of Grande Comore and Moheli, and these two islands have access to Mayotte Radio and French TV (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="cg" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cg"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cg.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Congo, Democratic Republic of the</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned TV broadcast station with near national coverage; more than a dozen privately owned TV stations with 2 having near national coverage; 2 state-owned radio stations are supplemented by more than 100 private radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="cf" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cf"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cf.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Congo, Republic of the</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 state-owned TV and 3 state-owned radio stations; several privately owned TV and radio stations; satellite TV service is available; rebroadcasts of several international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="cw" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cw"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cw.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Cook Islands</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 privately owned TV station broadcasts from Rarotonga providing a mix of local news and overseas-sourced programs; a satellite program package is available; 6 radio stations broadcast with 1 reportedly reaching all of the islands (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="cs" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cs"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cs.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Costa Rica</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
multiple privately owned TV stations and 1 publicly owned TV station; cable network services are widely available; more than 100 privately owned radio stations and a public radio network (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="iv" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="iv"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/iv.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Cote d'Ivoire</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 state-owned TV stations; no private terrestrial TV stations, but satellite TV subscription service is available; 2 state-owned radio stations; some private radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="hr" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="hr"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/hr.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Croatia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT), operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; roughly 25 privately owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 3 national radio networks and 9 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks and more than 170 regional, county, city, and community radio stations (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="cu" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cu"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cu.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Cuba</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government owns and controls all broadcast media with private ownership of electronic media prohibited; government operates 4 national TV networks and many local TV stations; government operates 6 national radio networks, an international station, and many local radio stations; Radio-TV Marti is beamed from the US (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="cc" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cc"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cc.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Curacao</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government-run Telecuracao operates a TV station and a radio station; several privately-owned radio stations
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="cy" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cy"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cy.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Cyprus</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
mixture of state and privately run TV and radio services; the public broadcaster operates 2 TV channels and 4 radio stations; 6 private TV broadcasters, satellite and cable TV services including telecasts from Greece and Turkey, and a number of private radio stations are available; in areas administered by Turkish Cypriots, there are 2 public TV stations, 4 public radio stations, and privately owned TV and radio broadcast stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ez" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ez"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ez.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Czech Republic</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
roughly 130 TV broadcasters operating some 350 channels with 4 publicly operated and the remainder in private hands; 16 TV stations have national coverage with 4 being publicly operated; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; 63 radio broadcasters are registered operating roughly 80 radio stations with 15 stations publicly operated; 10 radio stations provide national coverage with the remainder local or regional (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="da" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="da"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/da.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Denmark</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
strong public-sector TV presence with state-owned Danmarks Radio (DR) operating 4 channels and publicly owned TV2 operating roughly a half dozen channels; broadcasts of privately owned stations are available via satellite and cable feed; DR operates 4 nationwide FM radio stations, 15 digital audio broadcasting stations, and about 15 web-based radio stations; approximately 250 commercial and community radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="dx" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="dx"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/dx.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Dhekelia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite TV service as well as BFBS radio broadcasts to the Dhekelia Sovereign Base (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="dj" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="dj"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/dj.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Djibouti</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned Radiodiffusion-Television de Djibouti (RTD) operates the sole terrestrial TV station as well as the only 2 domestic radio networks; no private TV or radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="do" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="do"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/do.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Dominica</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
no terrestrial TV service available; subscription cable TV provider offers some locally produced programming plus channels from the US, Latin America, and the Caribbean; state-operated radio broadcasts on 6 stations; privately owned radio broadcasts on about 15 stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="dr" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="dr"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/dr.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Dominican Republic</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media; 1 state-owned TV network and a number of private TV networks; networks operate repeaters to extend signals throughout country; combination of state-owned and privately owned radio stations with more than 300 radio stations operating (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ec" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ec"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ec.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Ecuador</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
Ecuador has multiple TV networks and many local channels, as well as more than 300 radio stations; many TV and radio stations are privately owned; the government owns or controls 5 national TV stations and multiple radio stations; broadcast media required by law to give the government free air time to broadcast programs produced by the state (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="eg" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="eg"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/eg.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Egypt</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
mix of state-run and private broadcast media; state-run TV operates 2 national and 6 regional terrestrial networks as well as a few satellite channels; about 20 private satellite channels and a large number of Arabic satellite channels are available via subscription; state-run radio operates about 70 stations belonging to 8 networks; 2 privately owned radio stations operational (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="es" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="es"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/es.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >El Salvador</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
multiple privately owned national terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by cable TV networks that carry international channels; hundreds of commercial radio broadcast stations and 1 government-owned radio broadcast station (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ek" >
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ek"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ek.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Equatorial Guinea</a>
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|
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|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state maintains control of broadcast media with domestic broadcast media limited to 1 state-owned TV station, 1 private TV station owned by the president's eldest son, 1 state-owned radio station, and 1 private radio station owned by the president's eldest son; satellite TV service is available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible (2013)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="er" >
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="er"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/er.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Eritrea</a>
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|
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|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government controls broadcast media with private ownership prohibited; 1 state-owned TV station; state-owned radio operates 2 networks; purchases of satellite dishes and subscriptions to international broadcast media are permitted (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="en" >
|
|
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="en"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
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|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/en.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Estonia</a>
|
|
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|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the publicly owned broadcaster, Eesti Rahvusringhaaling (ERR), operates 2 TV channels and 5 radio networks; growing number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting nationally, regionally, and locally; fully transitioned to digital television in 2010; national private TV channels expanding service; a range of channels are aimed at Russian-speaking viewers; high penetration rate for cable TV services with more than half of Estonian households connected (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="et" >
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="et"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/et.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Ethiopia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 public TV station broadcasting nationally and 1 public radio broadcaster with stations in each of the 13 administrative districts; a few commercial radio stations and roughly a dozen community radio stations (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
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|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="fk" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="fk"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/fk.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
TV service provided by a multi-channel service provider; radio services provided by the public broadcaster, Falkland Islands Radio Service, broadcasting on both AM and FM frequencies, and by the British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
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|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="fo" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="fo"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/fo.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Faroe Islands</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 publicly owned TV station; the Faroese telecommunications company distributes local and international channels through its digital terrestrial network; publicly owned radio station supplemented by 2 privately owned stations broadcasting over multiple frequencies (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="fj" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="fj"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/fj.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Fiji</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
Fiji TV, a publicly traded company, operates a free-to-air channel as well as Sky Fiji and Sky Pacific multi-channel pay-TV services; state-owned commercial company, Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Ltd, operates 6 radio stations - 2 public broadcasters and 4 commercial broadcasters with multiple repeaters; 5 radio stations with repeaters operated by Communications Fiji, Ltd; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="fi" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="fi"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/fi.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Finland</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
a mix of publicly operated TV stations and privately owned TV stations; the 2 publicly owned TV stations recently expanded services and the largest private TV station has introduced several special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-channel subscription services are available; all TV signals have been broadcast digitally since September 2007; analog broadcasts via cable networks were terminated in February 2008; public broadcasting maintains a network of 13 national and 25 regional radio stations; a large number of private radio broadcasters (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="fr" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="fr"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/fr.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >France</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
a mix of both publicly operated and privately owned TV stations; state-owned France Televisions operates 4 networks, one of which is a network of regional stations, and has part-interest in several thematic cable/satellite channels and international channels; a large number of privately owned regional and local TV stations; multi-channel satellite and cable services provide a large number of channels; public broadcaster Radio France operates 7 national networks, a series of regional networks, and operates services for overseas territories and foreign audiences; Radio France Internationale (RFI), under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is a leading international broadcaster; a large number of commercial FM stations, with many of them consolidating into commercial networks (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="fp" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="fp"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/fp.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >French Polynesia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the publicly owned French Overseas Network (RFO), which operates in France's overseas departments and territories, broadcasts on 2 TV channels and 1 radio station; 1 government-owned TV station; a small number of privately owned radio stations (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="gb" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gb"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gb.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Gabon</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state owns and operates 2 TV stations and 2 radio broadcast stations; a few private radio and TV stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible; satellite service subscriptions are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ga" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ga"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ga.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Gambia, The</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned, single-channel TV service; state-owned radio station and 4 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available, some via shortwave radio; cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable in some parts of the country (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="gz" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gz"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gz.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Gaza Strip</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 TV station and about 10 radio stations (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="gg" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gg"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gg.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Georgia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 public broadcaster in Tbilisi, 1 state-owned broadcaster in Ajaria Autonomous Republic; 8 privately owned TV stations; state run public broadcaster operates 2 TV stations; dozens of cable TV operators, several major commercial TV stations, and several dozen private radio stations; state run public broadcaster operates 2 radio stations (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="gm" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gm"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gm.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Germany</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
a mixture of publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; national and regional public broadcasters compete with nearly 400 privately owned national and regional TV stations; more than 90% of households have cable or satellite TV; hundreds of radio stations including multiple national radio networks, regional radio networks, and a large number of local radio stations (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="gh" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gh"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gh.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Ghana</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned TV station, 2 state-owned radio networks; several privately owned TV stations and a large number of privately owned radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible; several cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="gi" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gi"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gi.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Gibraltar</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) provides TV and radio broadcasting services via 1 TV station and 4 radio stations; British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) operates 1 radio station; broadcasts from Spanish radio and TV stations are accessible (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="gr" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gr"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gr.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Greece</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
Broadcast media dominated by the private sector; roughly 150 private TV channels, about ten of which broadcast nation-wide; 1 government owned terrestrial TV channel with national coverage; 3 privately owned satellite channels; multi-channel satellite and cable TV services available; upwards of 1,500 radio stations, all of them privately owned; government owned broadcaster has 2 national radio stations (2014)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="gl" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gl"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gl.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Greenland</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the Greenland Broadcasting Company provides public radio and TV services throughout the island with a broadcast station and a series of repeaters; a few private local TV and radio stations; Danish public radio rebroadcasts are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="gj" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gj"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gj.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Grenada</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the Grenada Broadcasting Network, jointly owned by the government and the Caribbean Communications Network of Trinidad and Tobago, operates a TV station and 2 radio stations; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; a dozen private radio stations also broadcast (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="gq" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gq"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gq.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Guam</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
about a dozen TV channels, including digital channels; multi-channel cable TV services are available; roughly 20 radio stations (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="gt" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gt"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gt.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Guatemala</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
4 privately owned national terrestrial TV channels dominate TV broadcasting; multi-channel satellite and cable services are available; 1 government-owned radio station and hundreds of privately owned radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="gk" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gk"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gk.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Guernsey</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
multiple UK terrestrial TV broadcasts are received via a transmitter in Jersey with relays in Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney; satellite packages are available; BBC Radio Guernsey and 1 other radio station operating (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="gv" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gv"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gv.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Guinea</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government maintains marginal control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio broadcast station also operates several stations in rural areas; a steadily increasing number of privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations; foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services (2011)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="pu" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="pu"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
|
|
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|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/pu.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Guinea-Bissau</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 state-owned TV station and a second station, Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP) Africa, is operated by Portuguese public broadcaster (RTP); 1 state-owned radio station, several private radio stations, and some community radio stations; multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
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|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="gy" >
|
|
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="gy"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
|
|
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|
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/gy.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Guyana</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government-dominated broadcast media; the National Communications Network (NCN) TV is state-owned; a few private TV stations relay satellite services; the state owns and operates 2 radio stations broadcasting on multiple frequencies capable of reaching the entire country; government limits on licensing of new private radio stations continue to constrain competition in broadcast media (2007)
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|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
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</table>
|
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|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ha" >
|
|
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ha"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
|
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|
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ha.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Haiti</a>
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|
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
several TV stations, including 1 government-owned; cable TV subscription service available; government-owned radio network; more than 250 private and community radio stations with about 50 FM stations in Port-au-Prince alone (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="vt" >
|
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="vt"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/vt.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Holy See (Vatican City)</a>
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|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the Vatican Television Center (CTV) transmits live broadcasts of the Pope's Sunday and Wednesday audiences, as well as the Pope's public celebrations; CTV also produces documentaries; Vatican Radio is the Holy See's official broadcasting service broadcasting via shortwave, AM and FM frequencies, and via satellite and Internet connections (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ho" >
|
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ho"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ho.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Honduras</a>
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|
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|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
multiple privately owned terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by multiple cable TV networks; Radio Honduras is the lone government-owned radio network; roughly 300 privately owned radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
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|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="hk" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="hk"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/hk.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Hong Kong</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 commercial terrestrial TV networks each with multiple stations; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems available; 3 radio networks, one of which is government-funded, operate about 15 radio stations (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
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|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="hu" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="hu"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/hu.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Hungary</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
mixed system of state-supported public service broadcast media and private broadcasters; the 3 publicly owned TV channels and the 2 main privately owned TV stations are the major national broadcasters; a large number of special interest channels; highly developed market for satellite and cable TV services with about two-thirds of viewers utilizing their services; 3 state-supported public-service radio networks and 2 major national commercial stations; a large number of local stations including commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community radio stations; digital transition postponed to the end of 2014 (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ic" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ic"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ic.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Iceland</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned public TV broadcaster operates 1 TV channel nationally; several privately owned TV stations broadcast nationally and roughly another half-dozen operate locally; about one-half the households utilize multi-channel cable or satellite TV services; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 2 national networks and 4 regional stations; 2 privately owned radio stations operate nationally and another 15 provide more limited coverage (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="in" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="in"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/in.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >India</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
Doordarshan, India's public TV network, operates about 20 national, regional, and local services; a large and increasing number of privately owned TV stations are distributed by cable and satellite service providers; by 2011, more than 100 million homes had access to cable and satellite TV offering more than 700 TV channels; government controls AM radio with All India Radio operating domestic and external networks; news broadcasts via radio are limited to the All India Radio Network; since 2000, privately-owned FM stations have been permitted and their numbers have increased rapidly (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="id" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="id"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/id.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Indonesia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
mixture of about a dozen national TV networks - 2 public broadcasters, the remainder private broadcasters - each with multiple transmitters; more than 100 local TV stations; widespread use of satellite and cable TV systems; public radio broadcaster operates 6 national networks as well as regional and local stations; overall, more than 700 radio stations with more than 650 privately operated (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ir" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ir"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ir.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Iran</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-run broadcast media with no private, independent broadcasters; Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the state-run TV broadcaster, operates 5 nationwide channels, a news channel, about 30 provincial channels, and several international channels; about 20 foreign Persian-language TV stations broadcasting on satellite TV are capable of being seen in Iran; satellite dishes are illegal and, while their use had been tolerated, authorities began confiscating satellite dishes following the unrest stemming from the 2009 presidential election; IRIB operates 8 nationwide radio networks, a number of provincial stations, and an external service; most major international broadcasters transmit to Iran (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="iz" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="iz"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/iz.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Iraq</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the number of private radio and TV stations has increased rapidly since 2003; government-owned TV and radio stations are operated by the publicly funded Iraqi Public Broadcasting Service; private broadcast media are mostly linked to political, ethnic, or religious groups; satellite TV is available to an estimated 70% of viewers and many of the broadcasters are based abroad; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are accessible (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ei" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ei"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ei.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Ireland</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
publicly owned broadcaster Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) operates 2 TV stations; commercial TV stations are available; about 75% of households utilize multi-channel satellite and TV services that provide access to a wide range of stations; RTE operates 4 national radio stations and has launched digital audio broadcasts on several stations; a number of commercial broadcast stations operate at the national, regional, and local levels (2014)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="im" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="im"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/im.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Isle of Man</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
national public radio broadcasts over 3 FM stations and 1 AM station; 2 commercial broadcasters operating with 1 having multiple FM stations; receives radio and TV services via relays from British TV and radio broadcasters (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="is" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="is"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/is.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Israel</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state broadcasting network, operated by the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), broadcasts on 2 channels, one in Hebrew and the other in Arabic; 5 commercial channels including a channel broadcasting in Russian, a channel broadcasting Knesset proceedings, and a music channel supervised by a public body; multi-channel satellite and cable TV packages provide access to foreign channels; IBA broadcasts on 8 radio networks with multiple repeaters and Israel Defense Forces Radio broadcasts over multiple stations; about 15 privately owned radio stations; overall more than 100 stations and repeater stations (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="it" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="it"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/it.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Italy</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
two Italian media giants dominate - the publicly owned Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI) with 3 national terrestrial stations and privately owned Mediaset with 3 national terrestrial stations; a large number of private stations and Sky Italia - a satellite TV network; RAI operates 3 AM/FM nationwide radio stations; some 1,300 commercial radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="jm" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="jm"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/jm.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Jamaica</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
3 free-to-air TV stations, subscription cable services, and roughly 30 radio stations (2013)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="jn" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="jn"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/jn.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Jan Mayen</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
a coastal radio station has been remotely operated since 1994 (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ja" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ja"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ja.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Japan</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
a mixture of public and commercial broadcast TV and radio stations; 6 national terrestrial TV networks including 1 public broadcaster; the large number of radio and TV stations available provide a wide range of choices; satellite and cable services provide access to international channels (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="je" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="je"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/je.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Jersey</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
multiple UK terrestrial television broadcasts are received via a transmitter in Jersey; satellite packages available; BBC Radio Jersey and 1 other radio station operating (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="jo" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="jo"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/jo.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Jordan</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
radio and TV dominated by the government-owned Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTV) that operates a main network, a sports network, a film network, and a satellite channel; first independent TV broadcaster aired in 2007; international satellite TV and Israeli and Syrian TV broadcasts are available; roughly 30 radio stations with JRTV operating the main government-owned station; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="kz" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="kz"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/kz.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Kazakhstan</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state owns nearly all radio and TV transmission facilities and operates national TV and radio networks; nearly all nationwide TV networks are wholly or partly owned by the government; some former state-owned media outlets have been privatized; households with satellite dishes have access to foreign media; a small number of commercial radio stations operate along with state-run radio stations; recent legislation requires all media outlets to register with the government and all TV providers to broadcast in digital format by 2015 (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ke" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ke"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ke.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Kenya</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
about a half-dozen large-scale privately owned media companies with TV and radio stations as well as a state-owned TV broadcaster provide service nation-wide; satellite and cable TV subscription services available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 national radio channels and provides regional and local radio services in multiple languages; a large number of private radio stations broadcast on a national level along with over 100 private and non-profit provincial stations broadcasting in local languages; transmissions of several international broadcasters available (2014)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="kr" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="kr"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/kr.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Kiribati</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 TV broadcast station that provides about 1 hour of local programming Monday-Friday; multi-channel TV packages provide access to Australian and US stations; 1 government-operated radio station broadcasts on AM, FM, and shortwave (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="kn" >
|
|
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="kn"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
|
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|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/kn.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Korea, North</a>
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|
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|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
no independent media; radios and TVs are pre-tuned to government stations; 4 government-owned TV stations; the Korean Workers' Party owns and operates the Korean Central Broadcasting Station, and the state-run Voice of Korea operates an external broadcast service; the government prohibits listening to and jams foreign broadcasts (2008)
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|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ks" >
|
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ks"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
|
|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ks.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Korea, South</a>
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|
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|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
multiple national TV networks with 2 of the 3 largest networks publicly operated; the largest privately owned network, Seoul Broadcasting Service (SBS), has ties with other commercial TV networks; cable and satellite TV subscription services available; publicly operated radio broadcast networks and many privately owned radio broadcasting networks, each with multiple affiliates, and independent local stations (2010)
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|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ku" >
|
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ku"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
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|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ku.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Kuwait</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned TV broadcaster operates 4 networks and a satellite channel; several private TV broadcasters have emerged since 2003; satellite TV available with pan-Arab TV stations especially popular; state-owned Radio Kuwait broadcasts on a number of channels in Arabic and English; first private radio station emerged in 2005; transmissions of at least 2 international radio broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
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|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="kg" >
|
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="kg"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
|
|
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|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/kg.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Kyrgyzstan</a>
|
|
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|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-run TV broadcaster operates 2 nationwide networks and 6 regional stations; roughly 20 private TV stations operating with most rebroadcasting other channels; state-run radio broadcaster operates 2 networks; about 20 private radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
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|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="la" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="la"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/la.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Laos</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
6 TV stations operating out of Vientiane - 3 government-operated and the others commercial; 17 provincial stations operating with nearly all programming relayed via satellite from the government-operated stations in Vientiane; Chinese and Vietnamese programming relayed via satellite from Lao National TV; broadcasts available from stations in Thailand and Vietnam in border areas; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems provide access to a wide range of foreign stations; state-controlled radio with state-operated Lao National Radio (LNR) broadcasting on 5 frequencies - 1 AM, 1 SW, and 3 FM; LNR's AM and FM programs are relayed via satellite constituting a large part of the programming schedules of the provincial radio stations; Thai radio broadcasts available in border areas and transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are also accessible (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="lg" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="lg"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/lg.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Latvia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
several national and regional commercial TV stations are foreign-owned, 2 national TV stations are publicly owned; system supplemented by privately owned regional and local TV stations; cable and satellite multi-channel TV services with domestic and foreign broadcasts available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 4 radio networks with dozens of stations throughout the country; dozens of private broadcasters also operate radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="le" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="le"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/le.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Lebanon</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
7 TV stations, 1 of which is state-owned; more than 30 radio stations, 1 of which is state-owned; satellite and cable TV services available; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible through partner stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="lt" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="lt"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/lt.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Lesotho</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 state-owned TV station and 2 state-owned radio stations; government controls most private broadcast media; satellite TV subscription service available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters obtainable (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="li" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="li"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/li.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Liberia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
3 private TV stations; satellite TV service available; 1 state-owned radio station; about 15 independent radio stations broadcasting in Monrovia, with another 25 local stations operating in other areas; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ly" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ly"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ly.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Libya</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-funded and private TV stations; some provinces operate local TV stations; pan-Arab satellite TV stations are available; state-funded radio (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ls" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ls"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ls.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Liechtenstein</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
relies on foreign terrestrial and satellite broadcasters for most broadcast media services; first Liechtenstein-based TV station established August 2008; Radio Liechtenstein operates multiple radio stations; a Swiss-based broadcaster operates several radio stations in Liechtenstein (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="lh" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="lh"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/lh.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Lithuania</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
public broadcaster operates 3 channels with the third channel - a satellite channel - introduced in 2007; various privately owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and multiple regional channels; many privately owned local TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks; many privately owned commercial broadcasters, many with repeater stations in various regions throughout the country (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="lu" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="lu"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/lu.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Luxembourg</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services to pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe; also home to Europe's largest satellite operator, Societe Europeenne des Satellites (SES); domestically, the RTL group operates TV and radio networks; other domestic private radio and TV operators and French and German stations available; satellite and cable TV services available (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="mc" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mc"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mc.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Macau</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
local government dominates broadcast media; 2 television stations operated by the government with one broadcasting in Portuguese and the other in Cantonese and Mandarin; 1 cable TV and 4 satellite TV services available; 3 radio stations broadcasting, of which 2 are government-operated (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="mk" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mk"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mk.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Macedonia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
public TV broadcaster operates 3 national channels and a satellite network; 5 privately owned TV channels broadcast nationally using terrestrial transmitters and about 15 broadcast on national level via satellite; roughly 75 local commercial TV stations; large number of cable operators offering domestic and international programming; public radio broadcaster operates over multiple stations; 3 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationally; about 70 local commercial radio stations (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ma" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ma"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ma.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Madagascar</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned Radio Nationale Malagasy (RNM) and Television Malagasy (TVM) have an extensive national network reach; privately owned radio and TV broadcasters in cities and major towns; state-run radio dominates in rural areas; relays of 2 international broadcasters are available in Antananarivo (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="mi" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mi"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mi.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Malawi</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
radio is the main broadcast medium; privately-owned Zodiac radio has the widest national broadcasting reach, followed by state-run radio; about a dozen private and community radio stations broadcast in cities and towns around the country; the largest TV network is government-owned, but two private TV networks now broadcast in urban areas and more plan to begin broadcasting in 2014; relays of multiple international broadcasters are available (2014)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="my" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="my"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/my.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Malaysia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned TV broadcaster operates 2 TV networks with relays throughout the country, and the leading private commercial media group operates 4 TV stations with numerous relays throughout the country; satellite TV subscription service is available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates multiple national networks as well as regional and local stations; many private commercial radio broadcasters and some subscription satellite radio services are available; about 55 radio stations overall (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="mv" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mv"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mv.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Maldives</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned radio and TV monopoly until recently; state-owned TV operates 2 channels; 3 privately owned TV stations; state owns Voice of Maldives and operates both an entertainment and a music-based station; 5 privately owned radio stations (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ml" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ml"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ml.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Mali</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
national public TV broadcaster; 2 privately owned companies provide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages; national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number of privately owned and community broadcast stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="mt" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mt"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mt.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Malta</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 publicly owned TV stations, Television Malta (TVM) broadcasting nationally plus an educational channel; several privately owned national television stations, two of which are owned by political parties; Italian and British broadcast programs are available; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; publicly owned radio broadcaster operates 1 station; roughly 20 commercial radio stations (2011)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="rm" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="rm"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/rm.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Marshall Islands</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
no TV broadcast station; a cable network is available on Majuro with programming via videotape replay and satellite relays; 4 radio broadcast stations; American Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) provides satellite radio and television service to Kwajalein Atoll (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="mr" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mr"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mr.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Mauritania</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
one state-run TV (Television de Mauritanie) and one state-run radio network (Radio de Mauritanie); Television de Mauritanie has three channels, Al Mahadra station (for Islamic content) and Channels 1 and 2, which cover news, sports, and other programming; Radio de Mauritanie runs 12 regional stations as well as a radio station for youth and the Holy Quran station; five private TV channels and five private radio stations also broadcast from Mauritania; six private international radio stations broadcast in Mauritania on the FM band; with satellite connections, Mauritanians also have access to hundreds of foreign TV channels (2013)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="mp" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mp"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mp.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Mauritius</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the government maintains control over TV broadcasting through the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), which operates 3 analog and 10 digital TV stations; MBC is a shareholder in a local company that operates 2 pay-TV stations; the state retains the largest radio broadcast network with multiple stations; several private radio broadcasters have entered the market since 2001; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
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</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="mx" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mx"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mx.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Mexico</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
many TV stations and more than 1,400 radio stations with most privately owned; the Televisa group once had a virtual monopoly in TV broadcasting, but new broadcasting groups and foreign satellite and cable operators are now available (2012)
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</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="fm" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="fm"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/fm.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Micronesia, Federated States of</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
no TV broadcast stations; each state has a multi-channel cable service with TV transmissions carrying roughly 95% imported programming and 5% local programming; about a half dozen radio stations (2009)
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</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="md" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="md"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/md.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Moldova</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 TV and 2 radio stations; a total of nearly 40 terrestrial TV channels and some 50 radio stations are in operation; Russian and Romanian channels also are available (2007)
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|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="mn" >
|
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mn"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mn.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Monaco</a>
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|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
TV Monte-Carlo (TMC) operates a TV network; cable TV available; Radio Monte-Carlo has extensive radio networks in France and Italy with French-language broadcasts to France beginning in the 1960s and Italian-language broadcasts to Italy beginning in the 1970s; other radio stations include Riviera Radio and Radio Monaco (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="mg" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mg"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mg.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Mongolia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
following a law passed in 2005, Mongolia's state-run radio and TV provider converted to a public service provider; also available are private radio and TV broadcasters, as well as multi-channel satellite and cable TV providers; more than 100 radio stations, including some 20 via repeaters for the public broadcaster; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
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|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="mj" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mj"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mj.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Montenegro</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio networks; 4 public TV stations and some 20 private TV stations; 14 local public radio stations and more than 40 private radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="mh" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mh"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mh.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Montserrat</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
Radio Montserrat, a public radio broadcaster, transmits on 1 station and has a repeater transmission to a second station; repeater transmissions from the GEM Radio Network of Trinidad and Tobago provide another 2 radio stations; cable and satellite TV available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="mo" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mo"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mo.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Morocco</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 TV broadcast networks with state-run Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the state partially owning the other; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite dish; 3 radio broadcast networks with RTM operating one; the government-owned network includes 10 regional radio channels in addition to its national service (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="mz" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mz"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mz.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Mozambique</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="wa" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="wa"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/wa.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Namibia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 private and 1 state-run TV station; satellite and cable TV service is available; state-run radio service broadcasts in multiple languages; about a dozen private radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="nr" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="nr"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/nr.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Nauru</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 government-owned TV station broadcasting programs from New Zealand sent via satellite or on videotape; 1 government-owned radio station, broadcasting on AM and FM, utilizes Australian and British programs (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="np" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="np"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/np.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Nepal</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state operates 2 TV stations as well as national and regional radio stations; roughly 30 independent TV channels are registered with only about half in regular operation; nearly 400 FM radio stations are licensed with roughly 300 operational (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="nl" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="nl"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/nl.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Netherlands</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
more than 90% of households are connected to cable or satellite TV systems that provide a wide range of domestic and foreign channels; public service broadcast system includes multiple broadcasters, 3 with a national reach and the remainder operating in regional and local markets; 2 major nationwide commercial television companies, each with 3 or more stations, and many commercial TV stations in regional and local markets; nearly 600 radio stations with a mix of public and private stations providing national or regional coverage (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="nc" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="nc"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/nc.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >New Caledonia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the publicly owned French Overseas Network (RFO), which operates in France's overseas departments and territories, broadcasts over the RFO Nouvelle Caledonie TV and radio stations; a small number of privately owned radio stations also broadcast (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="nz" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="nz"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/nz.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >New Zealand</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple TV networks and state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3 radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South Pacific region; a small number of national commercial TV and radio stations and many regional commercial television and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems are available (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="nu" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="nu"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/nu.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Nicaragua</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
multiple privately owned terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by cable TV in most urban areas; of more than 100 radio stations, nearly all are privately owned; Radio Nicaragua is government-owned and Radio Sandino is controlled by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ng" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ng"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ng.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Niger</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming; state-run radio has only radio station with a national reach; about 30 private radio stations operate locally; as many as 100 community radio stations broadcast; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ni" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ni"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ni.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Nigeria</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ne" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ne"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ne.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Niue</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 government-owned TV station with many of the programs supplied by Television New Zealand; 1 government-owned radio station broadcasting in AM and FM (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="nf" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="nf"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/nf.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Norfolk Island</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 local radio station; broadcasts of several Australian radio and TV stations available via satellite (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="cq" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="cq"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/cq.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Northern Mariana Islands</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 TV broadcast station on Saipan; multi-channel cable TV services are available on Saipan; 9 licensed radio broadcast stations (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="no" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="no"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/no.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Norway</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations; roughly a dozen privately owned television stations broadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations broadcasting; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 2 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationwide and another 240 stations operate locally (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="mu" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="mu"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/mu.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Oman</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 state-run TV broadcaster; TV stations transmitting from Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Yemen available via satellite TV; state-run radio operates multiple stations; first private radio station began operating in 2007 and 2 additional stations now operating (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="pk" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="pk"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/pk.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Pakistan</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
media is government regulated; 1 dominant state-owned TV broadcaster, Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV), operates a network consisting of 5 channels; private TV broadcasters are permitted; to date 69 foreign satellite channels are operational; the state-owned radio network operates more than 40 stations; nearly 100 commercially licensed privately owned radio stations provide programming mostly limited to music and talk shows (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ps" >
|
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ps"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ps.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Palau</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
no TV stations; a cable TV network covers the major islands and provides access to rebroadcasts, on a delayed basis, of a number of US stations as well as access to a number of real-time satellite TV channels; about a half dozen radio stations with 1 government-owned (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="pm" >
|
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="pm"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/pm.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Panama</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
multiple privately owned TV networks and a government-owned educational TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; more than 100 commercial radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="pp" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="pp"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/pp.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Papua New Guinea</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 TV stations, 1 commercial station operating since the late 1980s and 1 state-run station launched in 2008; satellite and cable TV services are available; state-run National Broadcasting Corporation operates 3 radio networks with multiple repeaters and about 20 provincial stations; several commercial radio stations with multiple transmission points as well as several community stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are accessible (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="pa" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="pa"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/pa.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Paraguay</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
6 privately owned TV stations; about 75 commercial and community radio stations; 1 state-owned radio network (2010)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="pe" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="pe"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/pe.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Peru</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
10 major TV networks of which only one, Television Nacional de Peru, is state-owned; multi-channel cable TV services are available; in excess of 2,000 radio stations including a substantial number of indigenous language stations (2010)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="rp" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="rp"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/rp.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Philippines</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
multiple national private TV and radio networks; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems available; more than 350 TV stations - 4 major TV networks operating nationwide with 1 being government-owned; some 1100 cable TV providers and some 1,200 radio stations broadcasting; the Philippines is scheduled to complete the switch from analog to digital broadcasting by the end of 2015 (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="pc" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="pc"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/pc.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Pitcairn Islands</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
satellite TV from Fiji-based Sky Pacific offering a wide range of international channels
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="pl" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="pl"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/pl.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Poland</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-run public TV operates 2 national channels supplemented by 16 regional channels and several niche channels; privately owned entities operate several national TV networks and a number of special interest channels; many privately owned channels broadcasting locally; roughly half of all households are linked to either satellite or cable TV systems providing access to foreign television networks; state-run public radio operates 5 national networks and 17 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks, several commercial stations broadcasting to multiple cities, and many privately owned local radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="po" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="po"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/po.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Portugal</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP),the publicly-owned TV broadcaster, operates 2 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="rq" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="rq"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/rq.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Puerto Rico</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
more than 30 TV stations operating; cable TV subscription services are available; roughly 125 radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="qa" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="qa"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/qa.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Qatar</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
TV and radio broadcast licensing and access to local media markets are state controlled; home of the satellite TV channel Al-Jazeera, which was originally owned and financed by the Qatari government, but has evolved to independent corporate status; Al-Jazeera claims editorial independence in broadcasting; local radio transmissions include state, private, and international broadcasters on FM frequencies in Doha; in August 2013, Qatar's satellite company Es'hailSat launched its first communications satellite Es'hail 1 (manufactured in the US), which entered commercial service in December 2013 to provide improved television broadcasting capability and expand availability of voice and internet; Es'hailSat released a request for proposals in March 2014 for its second satellite to launch in 2016 (2014)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ro" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ro"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ro.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Romania</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
a mixture of public and private TV stations; the public broadcaster operates multiple stations; roughly 100 private national, regional, and local stations; more than 75% of households are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems that provide access to Romanian, European, and international stations; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 4 national networks and regional and local stations; more than 100 private radio stations (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="rs" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="rs"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/rs.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Russia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
6 national TV stations with the federal government owning 1 and holding a controlling interest in a second; state-owned Gazprom maintains a controlling interest in a third national channel; government-affiliated Bank Rossiya owns controlling interest in a fourth and fifth, while the sixth national channel is owned by the Moscow city administration; roughly 3,300 national, regional, and local TV stations with over two-thirds completely or partially controlled by the federal or local governments; satellite TV services are available; 2 state-run national radio networks with a third majority-owned by Gazprom; roughly 2,400 public and commercial radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="rw" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="rw"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/rw.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Rwanda</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government owns and operates the only TV station; government-owned and operated Radio Rwanda has a national reach; 9 private radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="tb" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="tb"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/tb.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Saint Barthelemy</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
no local TV broadcasters; 3 FM radio channels (2 via repeater)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="sh" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sh"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sh.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
St. Helena has no local TV station; 2 local radio stations, one of which is relayed to Ascension Island; satellite TV stations rebroadcast terrestrially; Ascension Island has no local TV station but has 1 local radio station and receives relays of broadcasts from 1 radio station on St. Helena; broadcasts from the British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) are available, as well as TV services for the US military; Tristan da Cunha has 1 local radio station and receives BFBS TV and radio broadcasts (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="sc" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sc"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sc.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Saint Kitts and Nevis</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the government operates a national TV network that broadcasts on 2 channels; cable subscription services provide access to local and international channels; the government operates a national radio network; a mix of government-owned and privately owned broadcasters operate roughly 15 radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="st" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="st"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/st.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Saint Lucia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
3 privately owned TV stations; 1 public TV station operating on a cable network; multi-channel cable TV service available; a mix of state-owned and privately owned broadcasters operate nearly 25 radio stations including repeater transmission stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="rn" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="rn"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/rn.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Saint Martin</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 local TV station; access to about 20 radio stations, including RFO Guadeloupe radio broadcasts via repeater (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="sb" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sb"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sb.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 TV stations with a third repeater station, all part of the French Overseas Network; radio stations on St. Pierre and on Miquelon are part of the French Overseas Network (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="vc" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="vc"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/vc.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
St. Vincent and the Grenadines Broadcasting Corporation operates 1 TV station and 5 repeater stations that provide near total coverage to the multi-island state; multi-channel cable TV service available; a partially government-funded national radio service broadcasts on 1 station and has 2 repeater stations; about a dozen privately owned radio stations and repeater stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ws" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ws"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ws.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Samoa</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned TV station privatized in 2008; 4 privately-owned television broadcast stations; about a half dozen privately owned radio stations and one state-owned radio station; TV and radio broadcasts of several stations from American Samoa are available (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="sm" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sm"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sm.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >San Marino</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="tp" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="tp"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/tp.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Sao Tome and Principe</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 government-owned TV station; 1 government-owned radio station; 3 independent local radio stations authorized in 2005 with 2 operating at the end of 2006; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="sa" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sa"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sa.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Saudi Arabia</a>
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|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
broadcast media are state-controlled; state-run TV operates 4 networks; Saudi Arabia is a major market for pan-Arab satellite TV broadcasters; state-run radio operates several networks; multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="sg" >
|
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sg"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sg.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Senegal</a>
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|
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|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS) operates 2 TV stations; a few private TV subscription channels rebroadcast foreign channels without providing any local news or programs; RTS operates a national radio network and a number of regional FM stations; many community and private-broadcast radio stations are available; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="se" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="se"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/se.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Seychelles</a>
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|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the government operates the only terrestrial TV station, which provides local programming and airs broadcasts from international services; multi-channel cable and satellite TV are available; the government operates 1 AM and 1 FM radio station; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are accessible in Victoria (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
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</tr>
|
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="sl" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sl"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sl.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Sierra Leone</a>
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|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 government-owned TV station; 1 private TV station began operating in 2005; a pay-TV service began operations in late 2007; 1 government-owned national radio station; about two dozen private radio stations primarily clustered in major cities; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="sn" >
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sn"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sn.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Singapore</a>
|
|
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|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state controls broadcast media; 8 domestic TV stations operated by MediaCorp which is wholly owned by a state investment company; broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available; satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV service available; a total of 18 domestic radio stations broadcasting with MediaCorp operating more than a dozen and another 4 stations are closely linked to the ruling party or controlled by the Singapore Armed Forces Reservists Association; many Malaysian and Indonesian radio stations are available
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
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|
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="lo" >
|
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="lo"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
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|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/lo.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Slovakia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned public broadcaster, Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS), operates 3 national TV stations and multiple national and regional radio networks; roughly 35 privately owned TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 40% of households are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; more than 20 privately owned radio stations (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
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|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="si" >
|
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="si"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/si.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Slovenia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster operates 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
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|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="bp" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="bp"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/bp.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Solomon Islands</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC) is the sole TV broadcaster with 1 station; multi-channel pay-TV is available; SIBC operates 2 national radio stations and 2 provincial stations; 2 local commercial radio stations; Radio Australia is available via satellite feed (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="so" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="so"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/so.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Somalia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 private TV stations rebroadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN; Somaliland has 1 government-operated TV station and Puntland has 1 private TV station; the transitional government operates Radio Mogadishu; 1 SW and roughly 10 private FM radio stations broadcast in Mogadishu; several radio stations operate in central and southern regions; Somaliland has 1 government-operated radio station; Puntland has roughly a half dozen private radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="sf" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sf"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sf.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >South Africa</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) operates 4 TV stations, 3 are free-to-air and 1 is pay TV; e.tv, a private station, is accessible to more than half the population; multiple subscription TV services provide a mix of local and international channels; well developed mix of public and private radio stations at the national, regional, and local levels; the SABC radio network, state-owned and controlled but nominally independent, operates 18 stations, one for each of the 11 official languages, 4 community stations, and 3 commercial stations; more than 100 community-based stations extend coverage to rural areas (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="od" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="od"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/od.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >South Sudan</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
TV is controlled by the government; several private FM stations are operational in South Sudan; some foreign radio broadcasts are available
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="sp" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sp"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sp.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Spain</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
a mixture of both publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; overall, hundreds of TV channels are available including national, regional, local, public, and international channels; satellite and cable TV systems available; multiple national radio networks, a large number of regional radio networks, and a larger number of local radio stations; overall, hundreds of radio stations (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ce" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ce"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ce.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Sri Lanka</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government operates 8 TV channels and a radio network; multi-channel satellite and cable TV subscription services available; 35 private TV stations and about 50 radio stations (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="su" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="su"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/su.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Sudan</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the Sudanese Government directly controls TV and radio, requiring that both media reflect government policies; TV has a permanent military censor; a private radio station is in operation (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ns" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ns"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ns.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Suriname</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 state-owned TV stations; 1 state-owned radio station; multiple private radio and TV stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="sv" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sv"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sv.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Svalbard</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) began direct TV transmission to Svalbard via satellite in 1984; Longyearbyen households have access to 3 NRK radio and 2 TV stations (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="wz" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="wz"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/wz.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Swaziland</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-owned TV station; satellite dishes are able to access South African providers; state-owned radio network with 3 channels; 1 private radio station (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="sw" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sw"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sw.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Sweden</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
publicly owned TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial networks plus regional stations; multiple privately owned TV broadcasters operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 50 local TV stations; widespread access to pan-Nordic and international broadcasters through multi-channel cable and satellite TV; publicly owned radio broadcaster operates 3 national stations and a network of 25 regional channels; roughly 100 privately owned local radio stations with some consolidating into near national networks; an estimated 900 community and neighborhood radio stations broadcast intermittently (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="sz" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sz"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sz.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Switzerland</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the publicly owned radio and TV broadcaster, Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG/SSR), operates 7 national TV networks, 3 broadcasting in German, 2 in Italian, and 2 in French; private commercial TV stations broadcast regionally and locally; TV broadcasts from stations in Germany, Italy, and France are widely available via multi-channel cable and satellite TV services; SRG/SSR operates 18 radio stations that, along with private broadcasters, provide national to local coverage (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="sy" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="sy"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/sy.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Syria</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-run TV and radio broadcast networks; state operates 2 TV networks and a satellite channel; roughly two-thirds of Syrian homes have a satellite dish providing access to foreign TV broadcasts; 3 state-run radio channels; first private radio station launched in 2005; private radio broadcasters prohibited from transmitting news or political content (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="tw" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="tw"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/tw.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Taiwan</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
5 nationwide television networks operating roughly 75 TV stations; about 85% of households utilize multi-channel cable TV; national and regional radio networks with about 170 radio stations (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ti" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ti"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ti.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Tajikistan</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
state-run TV broadcaster transmits nationally on 4 stations and regionally on 4 stations; 11 independent TV stations broadcast locally and regionally; some households are able to receive Russian and other foreign stations via cable and satellite; state-run radio broadcaster operates Radio Tajikistan, Voice of Dushanbe, and several regional stations; a small number of independent radio stations (2010)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="tz" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="tz"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/tz.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Tanzania</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
a state-owned TV station and multiple privately owned TV stations; state-owned national radio station supplemented by more than 40 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="th" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="th"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/th.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Thailand</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
6 terrestrial TV stations in Bangkok broadcast nationally via relay stations - 2 of the networks are owned by the military, the other 4 are government-owned or controlled, leased to private enterprise, and all are required to broadcast government-produced news programs twice a day; multi-channel satellite and cable TV subscription services are available; radio frequencies have been allotted for more than 500 government and commercial radio stations; many small community radio stations operate with low-power transmitters (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="tt" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="tt"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
|
|
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|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/tt.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Timor-Leste</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 public TV broadcast station broadcasting nationally and 1 public radio broadcaster with stations in each of the 13 administrative districts; 1 commercial TV broadcast station, 3 commercial radio stations, and roughly 20 community radio stations (2012)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="to" >
|
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="to"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
|
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|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/to.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Togo</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 state-owned TV stations with multiple transmission sites; 5 private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service is available; state-owned radio network with multiple stations; several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="tl" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="tl"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
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|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/tl.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Tokelau</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
no TV stations; each atoll operates a radio service that provides shipping news and weather reports (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="tn" >
|
|
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|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="tn"></a></td></tr>
|
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<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/tn.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Tonga</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
2 state-owned TV stations and 2 privately owned TV stations; satellite and cable TV services are available; 2 state-owned and 3 privately owned radio stations; Radio Australia broadcasts available via satellite (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="td" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="td"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/td.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Trinidad and Tobago</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
5 TV networks, one of which is state-owned, broadcast on multiple stations; multiple cable TV subscription service providers; multiple radio networks, one state-owned, broadcast over about 35 stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ts" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ts"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ts.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Tunisia</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
broadcast media is mainly government-controlled; the state-run Tunisian Radio and Television Establishment (ERTT) operates 2 national TV networks, several national radio networks, and a number of regional radio stations; 1 TV and 3 radio stations are privately owned and report domestic news stories directly from the official Tunisian news agency; the state retains control of broadcast facilities and transmitters through L'Office National de la Telediffusion; Tunisians also have access to Egyptian, pan-Arab, and European satellite TV channels (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="tu" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="tu"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/tu.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Turkey</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) operates multiple TV and radio networks and stations; multiple privately owned national television stations and up to 300 private regional and local television stations; multi-channel cable TV subscriptions available; more than 1,000 private radio broadcast stations (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="tx" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="tx"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/tx.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Turkmenistan</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
broadcast media is government controlled and censored; 7 state-owned TV and 4 state-owned radio networks; satellite dishes and programming provide an alternative to the state-run media; officials sometimes limit access to satellite TV by removing satellite dishes (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="tk" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="tk"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/tk.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Turks and Caicos Islands</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
no local terrestrial TV stations, broadcasts from the Bahamas can be received and multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; government-run radio network operates alongside private broadcasters with a total of about 15 stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="tv" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="tv"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/tv.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Tuvalu</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
no TV stations; many households use satellite dishes to watch foreign TV stations; 1 government-owned radio station, Radio Tuvalu, includes relays of programming from international broadcasters (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ug" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ug"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ug.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Uganda</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC), operates radio and TV networks; Uganda first began licensing privately owned stations in the 1990s; by 2007 there were nearly 150 radio and 35 TV stations, mostly based in and around Kampala; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available in Kampala (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="up" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="up"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/up.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Ukraine</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
Ukraine's state-controlled nationwide TV broadcast channel (UT1) and a number of privately owned TV networks provide basic TV coverage; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; Russian television broadcasts have a small audience nationwide, but larger audiences in the eastern and southern regions; Ukraine's radio broadcast market, a mix of independent and state-owned networks, is comprised of some 300 stations (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ae" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ae"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ae.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >United Arab Emirates</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
except for the many organizations now operating in Dubai's Media Free Zone, most TV and radio stations remain government-owned; widespread use of satellite dishes provides access to pan-Arab and other international broadcasts (2007)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="uk" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="uk"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/uk.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >United Kingdom</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
public service broadcaster, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world; BBC operates multiple TV networks with regional and local TV service; a mixed system of public and commercial TV broadcasters along with satellite and cable systems provide access to hundreds of TV stations throughout the world; BBC operates multiple national, regional, and local radio networks with multiple transmission sites; a large number of commercial radio stations as well as satellite radio services are available (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="us" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="us"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/us.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >United States</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
4 major terrestrial TV networks with affiliate stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks, independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV stations broadcasting; multiple national radio networks with many affiliate stations; while most stations are commercial, National Public Radio (NPR) has a network of some 600 member stations; satellite radio available; overall, nearly 15,000 radio stations operating (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="uy" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="uy"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/uy.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Uruguay</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
mixture of privately owned and state-run broadcast media; more than 100 commercial radio stations and about 20 TV channels; cable TV is available; many community radio and TV stations; adopted the hybrid Japanese/Brazilian HDTV standard (ISDB-T) in December 2010 (2010)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="uz" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="uz"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/uz.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Uzbekistan</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government controls media; 14 state-owned broadcasters - 10 TV and 4 radio - provide service to virtually the entire country; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast to local markets; privately owned TV stations are required to lease transmitters from the government-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation; in 2013, the government closed TV and radio broadcasters affiliated with the National Association of Electronic Mass Media of Uzbekistan, a government-sponsored NGO for private broadcast media
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="nh" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="nh"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/nh.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Vanuatu</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
1 state-owned TV station; multi-channel pay TV is available; state-owned Radio Vanuatu operates 2 radio stations; 2 privately owned radio broadcasters; programming from multiple international broadcasters is available (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="ve" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ve"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ve.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Venezuela</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government supervises a mixture of state-run and private broadcast media; 13 public service networks, 61 privately owned TV networks, a privately owned news channel with limited national coverage, and a government-backed pan-American channel; state-run radio network includes roughly 65 news stations and another 30 stations targeted at specific audiences; state-sponsored community broadcasters include 235 radio stations and 44 TV stations; the number of private broadcast radio stations has been declining, but many still remain in operation (2014)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="vm" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="vm"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/vm.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Vietnam</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
government controls all broadcast media exercising oversight through the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC); government-controlled national TV provider, Vietnam Television (VTV), operates a network of 9 channels with several regional broadcasting centers; programming is relayed nationwide via a network of provincial and municipal TV stations; law limits access to satellite TV but many households are able to access foreign programming via home satellite equipment; government-controlled Voice of Vietnam, the national radio broadcaster, broadcasts on 6 channels and is repeated on AM, FM, and shortwave stations throughout Vietnam (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="vq" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="vq"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/vq.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Virgin Islands</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
about a dozen TV broadcast stations including 1 public TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; 24 radio stations (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="wq" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="wq"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/wq.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Wake Island</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
American Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) provides satellite radio/TV broadcasts (2009)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="wf" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="wf"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/wf.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Wallis and Futuna</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the publicly owned French Overseas Network (RFO), which broadcasts to France's overseas departments and territories, is carried on the RFO Wallis and Fortuna TV and radio stations (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="we" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="we"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/we.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >West Bank</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
|
|
the Palestinian Authority operates 1 TV and 1 radio station; about 30 independent TV and 25 radio stations; both Jordanian TV and satellite TV are accessible (2008)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="wi" >
|
|
|
|
<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="wi"></a></td></tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/wi.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Western Sahara</a>
|
|
|
|
|
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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Morocco's state-owned broadcaster, Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM), operates a radio service from Laayoune and relays TV service; a Polisario-backed radio station also broadcasts (2008)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="ym" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="ym"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/ym.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Yemen</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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state-run TV with 2 stations; state-run radio with 2 national radio stations and 5 local stations; stations from Oman and Saudi Arabia can be accessed (2007)
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#EEEEEE" id="za" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="za"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/za.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Zambia</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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state-owned Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) operates 1 TV station and is the principal local-content provider; several private TV stations; multi-channel subscription TV services are available; ZNBC operates 3 radio networks; about 2 dozen private radio stations; relays of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible in Lusaka and Kitwe (2007)
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</td>
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</tr>
|
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</table>
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="padding-bottom:4px;" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" id="zi" >
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<tr><td colspan="2"><a name="zi"></a></td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top" width="200" style="border-right:2px solid white; padding-left:4px;" class="fl_region"><a href="../geos/zi.html" style="font-weight: bold;" >Zimbabwe</a>
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<td class="category_data" valign="top" style="padding-left:5px;">
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|
government owns all local radio and TV stations; foreign shortwave broadcasts and satellite TV are available to those who can afford antennas and receivers; in rural areas, access to TV broadcasts is extremely limited (2007)
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</td>
|
|
</tr>
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</table>
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<script>
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|
$(document).ready(function() {
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|
// Show or hide the sticky footer button
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|
$(window).scroll(function() {
|
|
if ($(this).scrollTop() > 350) {
|
|
$('.go-top1').fadeIn(100);
|
|
} else {
|
|
$('.go-top1').fadeOut(100);
|
|
}
|
|
});
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|
|
// Animate the scroll to top
|
|
$('.go-top1').click(function(event) {
|
|
event.preventDefault();
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|
$('html, body').animate({scrollTop: 350}, 300);
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})
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});
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</script>
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